What can sulfuric acid do?-Iota

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Service > What can sulfuric acid do?

What can sulfuric acid do?

Concentrated sulfuric acid having a water absorption, is commonly used desiccant, usually filled with concentrated sulfuric acid scrubber to dry acidic and neutral gases, such as CO2, H2, N2, NO2, HCl, SO2 and the like; alkaline gases can not dried , such as NH3; and a reducing gas at ordinary temperature, such as H2S, HBr, HI and the like.

Dehydration
Dehydration means the removal of non-free state of concentrated sulfuric acid water molecules or hydrogen atoms of water in accordance with the composition ratio of organic matter in the process of removing hydrogen elements called dehydration. To sulfuric acid, the dehydration of concentrated sulfuric acid nature, rather than the nature of dilute sulfuric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid has a strong dehydration and dehydration, dehydration according to the composition ratio of the water off. Substance is dehydrated concentrated sulfuric acid process is chemical change process, when the reaction, concentrated sulfuric acid according to the original number of water molecules hydrogen ratio (2: 1) was captured anhydrate hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom or the removal of non-free state crystal water, such as copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4 · 5H2O).

Can be dehydrated organic matter is generally concentrated sulfuric acid substance containing hydrogen, oxygen, in which sugar, wood, paper and cotton and other substances in organic matter, is dehydrated epigenetic became black carbon, a process called carbonization. A typical phenomenon of black bread carbonization reaction of sucrose. Placed in a 200mL beaker, 20g sugar, add a few drops of water, add the right amount of water, mix well. Then added 15mL mass fraction of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, with rapid stirring. Observed experimental phenomena. You can see the sugar gradually darken, volume expansion, the formation of porous sponge-like carbon, exothermic reaction, can smell the pungent gas.
Concentrated sulfuric acid C12H22O11 == == 12C + 11H2O
While carbon reacts with sulfuric acid:
C + 2H2SO4 (concentrated) heating == == CO2 ↑ + 2SO2 ↑ + 2H2O

Industrial uses
Metallurgy and petroleum industry [4]
For the metallurgical industry and metal processing in the metallurgical industry sector, especially non-ferrous metal production process requires the use of sulfuric acid. Such as electrolysis refined copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel, you need to use sulfuric acid electrolyte, some precious metals refining, also need to sulfuric acid to dissolve other metal inclusions. Before cold-rolled, cold drawing and stamping in the steel industry, iron steel surface must be removed with sulfuric acid. In rolled sheet, cold drawn seamless steel tubes and other high quality steel, must be washed once every roll once sulfuric acid. In addition, before the pipe joints, thin metal, wire and other performing galvanized, to go through with sulfuric acid. In some metal machining process, such as nickel, chrome and other metal parts, but also need to use sulfuric acid to wash the surface rust. In the ferrous metallurgy enterprises sector, the need for pickling steel generally about 5% to 6% of steel production, and a tonne of steel pickling, about 98% of sulfuric acid consumption 30kg ~ 50kg.
Production processes used in the oil industry gasoline, lubricants and other petroleum products in need of concentrated sulfuric acid refining to remove sulfur compounds and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Sulfuric acid per ton of crude oil needs about 24kg, sulfuric acid per ton of diesel refining needs about 31kg. Preparation of activated clay used in the oil industry, but also consume a lot of sulfuric acid.
In concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent; chlor-alkali industry, with concentrated sulfuric acid to dry chlorine, hydrogen chloride gas and the like; inorganic salt industry, such as cryolite, borax, trisodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, lead sulfate (, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate preparation of other, and to be used for a number of inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid, boric acid, chromic acid (sometimes referred to as CrO3), hydrofluoric acid, chlorosulfonic acid; organic acid such as oxalic acid preparation of acetic acid, etc., often require sulfuric acid as raw materials. in addition coking chemical industry (with sulfuric acid to ammonia gas oven with work-product ammonium sulfate), electroplating industry, leather industry, paint industry, rubber industry, paper industry, paint industry (preparation of organic solvents), industrial explosives and lead-acid battery manufacturing, etc., have consumed a considerable amount of sulfuric acid.
Can be used as hard water softener, ion exchange regeneration agents, pH adjusting agents, antioxidants and detergents. Can also be used for fertilizers, pesticides, dyes, pigments, plastics, chemical, manufacturing explosives and a variety of sulfate. In petroleum refining, smelting of nonferrous metals, steel pickling, tanning process and the coking industry, textile industry, the defense industry has a wide range of applications. Strong corrosive acid cleaning. In the integrated circuit manufacturing process is mainly used for wafer cleaning. [4]
Solve people's basic necessities
For the production of chemical fibers for the people familiar rayon, it requires the use of sulfuric acid, a mixture of zinc sulfate, sodium sulfate as viscose spinning coagulation bath. 1t per viscose fiber production, need to consume sulfate 1.2t ~ 1.5t, 1t per Pooh Long staple fiber production, will consume 98% sulfuric acid 230kg, 1t Kapron each monomer production, need 1.6t20% oleum. Further, nylon, cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile fibers and other chemical fiber production, but also a considerable amount of sulfuric acid used.
Except for the chemical fiber production of plastics and other polymers polymer compound, in the national economy increasingly plays an important role. Each production 1t epoxy resin, sulfuric acid required 2.68t, known as "plastic" Teflon, each producing 1t, sulfuric acid required 1.32t; production of silicone rubber, silicone, styrene-butadiene rubber and nitrile rubber, etc. also have to use sulfuric acid.
Dye industry for almost a dye (or intermediate) prepared without the use of sulfuric acid. Preparation of azo dye intermediates required for the sulfonation reaction, aniline dye intermediates required for the nitration reaction, both need to use large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid. So it has a sulfuric acid plant, some dye works to meet the needs.
For the production of synthetic detergents daily production needs with fuming sulfuric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid. Plastic plasticizers (such as phthalic anhydride and phthalic acid ester), a cellulose derivative raw materials needed nitrocellulose, sulfuric acid need be prepared. Cellophane, parchment manufacture, also requires the use of sulfuric acid. In addition, textile industry, ceramic industry, hardware industry, soap industry, artificial flavor industry and other productive sectors, but also require the use of sulfuric acid.
Preparation of sulfa drugs for the pharmaceutical industry in the sulfonation reaction, during the preparation of the powerful bactericide Furacilin nitrification are required sulfuric acid. Further, a solution prepared in a number of antibiotics commonly used drugs such as aspirin, caffeine, vitamin B2, vitamin B12 and vitamin C, certain hormones, isoniazid, merbromin, saccharin, etc., are all required sulfuric acid.
Consolidating national defense
Some developing countries sulfuric acid industry, once the production of military explosives and closely linked together. Whether military explosives (propellant, explosive) or industrial explosives, mostly based on nitro or nitrate as its main ingredient. The main ones are nitrocellulose, trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerin, picric acid and so on. While the preparation of these compounds rely on nitrate, but must use the concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid.
Nuclear industry and rocket technology
Nuclear-reactor nuclear fuel production, produce reactor with titanium and aluminum alloys, as well as for the manufacture of rockets, supersonic jet aircraft and satellites titanium alloy materials, and sulfuric acid are directly or indirectly related. Borax from the process needs a lot of preparation borane sulfuric acid. Borane derivatives are the most important type of high-energy fuel. Borane also used for the separation of uranium borohydride prepare a raw uranium 235. Thus, sulfuric acid and the defense industry and cutting-edge science and technology have a close relationship.
Agricultural purposes
Soil improvement
In agricultural production, increasing use of calcareous soil improvement sulfuric acid at high pH values. Over the past 20 years, the urea - sulfuric acid fertilizer substantial increase in production and is widely applied to the soil in the western US states. The injection of sulfate dairies lakes, changing the pH of the water, the air and water can solve several problems of captive animals produced during the sulfuric acid was applied to agricultural soil and water, and its main role is to dissolve the calcium, magnesium carbonate and bicarbonate . The calcium, magnesium and substituted exchangeable sodium, a sodium salt followed by water immersion was removed. When carbonates and bicarbonates are decomposed, the reaction of sulfuric acid with a more inert substance, releasing phosphorus, iron and other plant nutrients. Simply lowering the pH of the soil can cause many variations element solubility, enhance their effectiveness on plants. Application of sulfuric acid in the calcareous soils of high pH values, make plants more robust harvest increased.
Fertilizer production
For the production of ammonium sulfate fertilizers (commonly known as thiamine or fertile powder) and superphosphate (commonly known as superphosphate or SSP) Both fertilizer production consumes large amounts of sulfuric acid.
For the production of pesticides of many pesticides have sulfuric acid as raw materials such as copper sulfate, zinc sulfate can be used as plant fungicides, rodenticides can be used thallium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate can be used as herbicides. The most common pesticides, such as 1059 emulsion (45%) and 1605 emulsion (45%) of the production of sulfuric acid are required.
Daily household use
Most Acidic drainage supplies around the world contain concentrated sulfuric acid. This type of drainage and basic supplies on items like drainage, can dissolve blockages in the channel in the oil and food scraps, etc. However, due to the high heat of concentrated sulfuric acid will react with water, it is recommended to keep the channels dry before use, and slowly pour on chemical products, is also required to wear gloves.

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