Lubricant Classification and Application-Iota

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Service > Lubricant Classification and Application

Lubricant Classification and Application

Lubricants Overview:
Plastic formulations plus lubricant in order to improve fluidity of the resin during molding. Some resins such as polyvinyl chloride and ABS is necessary in the process of adding a lubricant for the job, especially for rigid PVC products and the blind, a lubricant and heat stabilizer is almost similar. Kind of good lubricant not only improves the resin lubrication, and generally improved since the processing flow also improves the color, gloss increase, anti-static, promote melt, avoiding degradation, increase product toughness, reduce processing energy consumption, improve processing speed and so on. So in the plastic processing industry, lubrication systems tend to be very important. Plastic lubricants based on their mode of action can be divided into two categories lubricant and external lubricant. The lubricant used to reduce the cohesion between the polymer chains, from accelerated melting, reduce the melt viscosity, to extend the working life, to improve mobility and enhance the role of transparency; external lubricant to prevent molten polymer from adhering to the thermal processing equipment acting surface. Therefore, the inner and outer lubricant have different functions, it is difficult to replace each other.
If the lubricant is only required if they are within lubrication choice is very simple, but in most cases they need to be adjusted to a certain extent, internal and external lubrication for the best. A lubricant and external lubrication function is determined by its chemical composition, polarity, solubility in the polymer melt in the decision. E.g., stearic monoglyceride soluble polyvinyl melt, some internal lubrication, the lubricating function from its role of two molecules of polar hydroxyl groups; and tristearin only the outer lubrication function, Because it is not a hydroxyl group in the molecule. Of course, also affected by lubrication impurities contained in the lubricant and other additives.
Plastic comparison with many types of lubricants from lignite wax, paraffin wax, mineral oil, animal and vegetable oils and other natural substances to various low molecular weight polymers such as low molecular fluorine resin, silicone oil, low density polyethylene, etc., using more common Some are aliphatic compounds, such as stearic acid, stearic acid soaps, fatty acid esters. And amides. The United States in 1981 in Plastics Processing lubricants consumption of thousand tons, a total of 45% of the amide, stearic acid and its derivatives accounted for 35%, once again wax compounds. Some lubricant, such as oleic acid amide, stearic acid amide, fatty acid metal salt hard (fatty acid cadmium) and so is itself a good anti-stick agent. Just 0.5% of the film can be eligible for a very good smoothness. Of course, silica, clay longest such filler with anti-adhesives, the amount of 0.1-1.0%, which is often referred to opening agent.
Lubricants varieties and performance:
First, the fatty acids and metallic soaps
Fatty acids and soaps are very versatile lubricants, mold release agents can also be used. Their sources rich, low price, good compatibility with many plastics, and heat stability, are generally in the first with a resin premix prior to processing, easy to use. Stearic acid is the most important one so far lubricant because it's inexpensive, overall performance, and easily processed into a variety of metal soaps, such as zinc stearate, blunt, lead, magnesium, barium, cadmium, aluminum sodium and lithium are commonly used lubricant.
1, stearic acid (also known as stearic acid):
Pure stearic acid is white with a shiny soft small pieces. Specific gravity of 0.918 at 20 ℃, melting point 70-71 ℃, boiling point 383 ℃, refractive index 1.4299. Slowly evaporated at 90-100 ℃, soluble in benzene, helium imitation, ether, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, amyl acetate, toluene, soluble in ethanol, propanol, but almost insoluble in water. Industrial purity of 40-97%, as a white or slightly yellow or lumps, is a mixture of stearic acid and palmitic acid (palmitic acid) and containing a small amount of oleic acid, microstrip fat taste, non-toxic.
2, stearic acid soaps:
The most commonly used plastics processing stearate soaps are zinc stearate, calcium, lead, barium, they both stabilizers (see physicochemical constants "thermal stabilizer"). Wherein zinc stearate can be made of polystyrene, a lubricant ABS, SAN, phenolic, amino, an unsaturated polyester resin or the like, is also transparent plastics commonly used release agent. Calcium stearate can be used as a polyolefin, phenolic, amino, unsaturated polyester lubricant.
Second, esters
Lubricant is desirable phenolic compounds are those in the molecular chain has a long-chain aliphatic group. Usually natural wax esters genus, is a good-quality lubricants.
1, correction stearyl ester
Pale yellow liquid, soluble in most organic solvents, insoluble or slightly soluble in glycerin, glycols, methanol and certain amines.
2, glyceryl monostearate (referred GMB)
It is a white or ivory waxy solid with a melting point of 60 ℃ bead material supply. 0.9 proportion. Industrial product purity of about 25-90%, the rest is composed of hard fatty acid diglycerides, triglycerides and glycerin. It is suitable for POM, plus glass of polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyamide, polypropylene, alkyd and melamine resins.
3, tristearin (referred HTG)
This is a brittle white waxy solid, a sheet supply, gravity 0.96, melting point 60-64 ℃.
Three, amides
Amide compounds have good external lubrication, so both the lubricant, and is a good anti-stick agent. In addition, but also improve the antistatic properties of plastic products. Amide lubricant consumption than esters. The most commonly used are bis-stearamide and oleamide.
1, oleic acid amide
This is a white crystalline, mp 75-76 ℃, flash point 210 ℃, ignition point 235 ℃. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether.
2, stearic acid amide
Stearic acid amide leafy pure colorless crystalline, insoluble in water, insoluble in cold ethanol, dissolved in hot ethanol, ether and chloroform.
3, B bisstearamide (referred to as EBS)
This is a white fine particles do not dissolve in most solvents at room temperature, but soluble in hot chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents. The product of acid, alkali and water media stable. Though not soluble in water, but powder having wettability above 80 ℃. With beads or massive material supply, industrial purity of 96%, which applies ABS, POM, polyamide, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, glass fiber plus the like.
4, ethylene bis oleic acid amide (referred EBO)
EBS than soft, dark black, melting point 114 ℃, with beaded material supply.
Fourth, paraffin and hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbons are used as a lubricant in a number molecular weight of 350 or more aliphatic hydrocarbons include paraffin, synthetic paraffin, low molecular weight polyethylene waxes and mineral oil. Practical hydrocarbon lubricants have a specific molecular weight and viscosity of the mixture of hydrocarbons or melting range. Hydrocarbon lubricants are excellent in external lubricant, the lubricant but not ideal, because of their compatibility with the polymer is poor.
1, paraffin
The main components of straight-chain alkanes, and a small amount of branched paraffins. Linear paraffin content from 75% to close to 100 per cent.
Paraffin is a white group, soluble in benzene, chlorine injury, carbon tetrachloride, naphtha and other similar non-polar solvents, insoluble in water and methanol and other polar solvents.
2, microcrystalline wax
Microcrystalline wax is the text of the main-chain hydrocarbons, naphthenic, and some straight-chain hydrocarbons with a molecular weight ranging from about 500-1000. This is a relatively small crystals, soluble in non-polar solvents, insoluble in polar character agent.
3, liquid paraffin
Many types of liquid paraffin, its lubricating effect is also different. In the extrusion process in the initial lubrication is good, good thermal stability. But the compatibility between the amount of the excess products easy sticky.
4, polyethylene wax (referred ACPE)
It means a polyethylene wax having a molecular weight of 1500-25000 low molecular weight polyethylene or low-molecular weight partially oxidized polyethylene. Its granular, white powder, and milky white waxy lump. It has excellent fluidity, electrical properties, releasability.

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