The characteristics and classification of powder surface active agent-Iota

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Service > The characteristics and classification of powder surface active agent

The characteristics and classification of powder surface active agent

When the powder dispersion powder industry needs to improve the powder suspension (slurry) feature or the powder surface modification, often use surfactants. Surfactants are a class of organic compounds having a parent structure, which contains two opposite sections - a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion. Its lipophilic group may be one or more hydrophilic groups may also be one or more. In general, the hydrophilic moiety is a ionic or polar hydrophilic group; hydrophobic moiety is a 8-18 carbon hydrocarbyl. When dissolved in water, and water will be combined with the former, while the latter produces hydrophobic interactions and generates surface orientation, the unsaturated force field on the surface to get some degree of balance, which reduces the surface tension. Even at very low concentrations was also directed adsorbed gas - liquid, liquid - liquid or liquid - solid surface or interface system, the surface energy and interfacial energy have changed significantly.

Surfactant generally defined as: when the solvent (typically water) can be increased by adding a very small amount of such a surfactant substance, or greatly reduce the surface tension of the liquid solvent - liquid interfacial tension, the state of the system to change the interface, thereby produce wetting or dewetting, emulsifying or breaking a series of surface chemistry, and surface blistering or defoaming and other physical effects, this substance is a surfactant.

Surfactants There are many classification methods, generally considered classified according to chemical structure more appropriate. When the surfactant is dissolved in water, can be called ionic surfactants, ionic surfactants can be divided into ionizing ionogenic cationic, anionic or zwitterionic. When the surfactant is dissolved in water, can not be called ionization generate ions nonionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants can be divided into polyethylene glycol type polyol type.

A cationic surfactant

Cationic surfactants in water can dissociate into organic cations, the hydrophobic group with a positive charge at one end, usually substituted alkyl amine salt form, that contain one or two long chain alkyl groups, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary ammonium salts, such as alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, ammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. There are also phosphine salt, sulfonium salts, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) also commonly used varieties.
Cationic surfactants are weakly acidic aqueous solution, and the anionic surfactant is a neutral or alkaline solution, and therefore the two should not mix, or form a precipitate and lose their properties.

Cationic surfactants also has a bactericidal effect, antistatic effect and the like. Certain breeds for organic pigment dispersing, emulsifying, its surface may have an affinity for oil properties, changing its easy dispersion.

2, an anionic surfactant

In the water can be dissociated into negatively charged surfactant organic anions called anionic surfactants, there are four types: higher fatty acid salts, such as carboxylates; higher alcohol sulfuric ester salts, such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS); alkyl sulfonates; hydrocarbyl phosphate. Anionic surfactants having a strong surface tension lowering function, the hydrophobic group is typically C12 ~ C18 fatty alkyl group, and anionic as -COONa, -SO3Na, -OSO3Na, -OPO3Na like. A typical varieties such as sodium stearate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate salt, washing is not only important species, and when the sodium -SO3Na into calcium, barium, become insoluble with certain lipophilic surfactant preparation for organic pigment masterbatches, we can change the pigment particles and resin compatibility to effectively dispersed in the colored resin. Sulfonated castor oil: Also known as Pacific oil or Turkey marked (Turkey red oil), is composed of castor oil by acidic hydrolysis, sulfonation with sulfuric acid, neutralized with alkali role in the system. Its appearance is yellow or brown oily transparent liquid, the anionic surfactant is soluble in water emulsion is formed, has excellent emulsifying, penetration, diffusion and wetting action, exposed in air will degenerate, is the ink Commonly used surfactants.

3, amphoteric ionic surfactants

Broadly speaking, any molecule having both positive and negative ion surfactants can be classified as amphoteric surfactants. In a narrow sense, the ionization occurs in the water dipole is called amphoteric surfactants ionic surfactants, they are in different PH value is rendered anionic or cationic nature, generally have isoelectric points. Common gender SAA has four categories: amino acid type: When was the basic similarity of these compounds with an anionic surfactant, similar to cationic surfactants at acidic, isoelectric point hydrophilic smaller precipitation. Betaine type: e.g. Nn- dodecyl -N, N- dimethyl betaine (dimethyl lauryl betaine), compared with the amino acid type, which are soluble in acid, alkaline medium in water, isoelectric precipitation does not occur and so on. But foaming, suitable in the detergent is not suitable for use in writing materials. In addition, imidazole forest and phosphate type amphoteric surfactants.

4, the non-ionic surfactant

Non-ionic surfactants are a class of water can not be ionized ionic surfactant, wherein the molecules containing undissociated hydroxyl and ether and other hydrophilic groups. For best hydrophilic property, a plurality of hydroxyl and ether structural requirements molecule. Depending on the kind of hydrophilic groups, a nonionic surfactant type can be divided into polyethylene glycol, polyhydric alcohol type. Polyethylene glycol type hydrophobic groups based on the structure divided into several categories, according to a hydrophilic polyol based structure based polyol is also divided into several different categories. The following table.

5, other types of surfactants

It includes organic fluorine surfactant, a silicone surfactant, an organic boron surfactants, mixed surfactant structure, biosurfactant. Organic fluorine surfactant refers to a fluorine atom substituted for a hydrogen on the carbon-hydrogen bonds in the conventional surfactants, as the formation of carbon-fluorine bond lipophilic surfactant. Organic fluorine surfactant according hydrogen on the carbon-hydrogen bond is replaced by fluorine atoms, such as CF3 (CF2) 6COO-Na +, CF3 (CF2) 6CF2SO3- Na +, which the hydrophobic group is a perfluoroalkyl group; a silicone surfactant (CH3 ) 3Si [O Si (CH3) 2] m (C2H4O) n CH3, (CH3) 3Si (CH2) n COO-Na +, the hydrophobic group is a polydimethyl silicone chains; organoboron polymer surfactant surfactant agents, including natural polymers and synthetic polymers into two categories, pectin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), carboxy starch, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylamide, polyoxyethylene - polyoxypropylene copolymer. Structure mixed surfactants are RO (OCH2CH2O) n OSO3- Na + and the like.

Since the last century, a large number of synthesis and the use of surfactants for the progress of human society has brought untold benefits, such as the numerous detergents, cleaners and cosmetics, the main ingredient is a surfactant, medicine, pesticide preparation, printing and dyeing textiles, paints, rubber and leather processing are inseparable surfactants. Therefore, the surface-active agent was the "industrial MSG" reputation.