Characteristics and classification of the powder surfactant-Iota

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Service > Characteristics and classification of the powder surfactant

Characteristics and classification of the powder surfactant

When the powder dispersing powder industry needs to improve the powder suspension (slurry) of the powder properties or to modify the surface, often use a surfactant. Surfactants are a class of organic compounds having a parent structure, which contains two opposite sections - a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion. Its lipophilic group may be one or more hydrophilic groups may also be one or more. In general, the hydrophilic portion is a hydrophilic ionic or polar groups; hydrophobic portion is 8 to 18 carbon hydrocarbyl. When dissolved in water and the water will combine the former, the latter generate hydrophobic interaction, and generates a surface orientation, unsaturated force field on the surface to obtain some degree of balance, thereby reducing the surface tension. Even in very low concentrations in solution can also be directed adsorbed gas - liquid, liquid - liquid or liquid - solid surface or interface system, the surface energy and interfacial energy has changed significantly.

Surfactants are generally defined as: when the solvent (typically water) was added a small amount of this material can be increased when surface-active, greatly reduce the surface tension of the solvent or liquid - liquid interface tension, changing the state of the interface system, thereby generating wetting or dewetting, a series of surface chemical emulsification or emulsion breaking, bubbles or the like and surface physics defoaming action, this substance is a surfactant.

Surfactants There are many classification methods, generally considered classified according to chemical structure more appropriate. When the surfactant is dissolved in water, can be called ionic surfactants, ionic surfactants can be divided into ionizing ionogenic cationic, anionic or zwitterionic. When the surfactant is dissolved in water, can not be ionized to generate ions called non-ionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants can be divided into polyethylene glycol type, polyhydric alcohol type.

1, an anionic surfactant

Can dissociate in water is a surfactant with a negatively charged organic anions called anionic surfactants, there are four main types: higher fatty acid salts, such as carboxylates; higher alcohol sulfuric ester salts, such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS); alkyl sulfonates; hydrocarbyl phosphates. Anionic surfactants having a strong surface tension lowering function, the hydrophobic group is typically C12 ~ C18 fatty alkyl group, and the anion, mostly -COONa, -SO3Na, -OSO3Na, -OPO3Na like. Typical species such as sodium stearate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate salt, washing is not only important species, and when -SO3Na sodium into calcium, barium, become insoluble with certain lipophilicity surfactants, suitable for the preparation of organic pigment masterbatch, the pigment particles can be varied with resin compatibility, so that it effectively dispersed in the colored resin. Sulfonated castor oil: also known as Pacific oil or Turkey marked (Turkey red oil), castor oil is made by acidic hydrolysis with sulfuric acid sulfonation with alkali neutralization system. Its appearance is yellow or brown oily transparent liquid, the anionic surfactant is soluble in water to form an emulsion, with excellent emulsifying properties, permeability, diffusion and wetting action, exposed in air will degenerate, is ink Commonly used surfactants.

2, the cationic surfactant

Cationic surfactants in water can be dissociated into an organic cation, a hydrophobic group at one end thereof with a positive charge, usually a substituted alkylamine salt forms, i.e., containing one or two long chain alkyl primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary ammonium salts such as alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, ammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. In addition, there phosphine salt, sulfonium salts, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and other species are also common.
Cationic surface active agent is a weakly acidic aqueous solution, and the anionic surfactant is a neutral or alkaline solution, and therefore the two should not mix, otherwise form a precipitate, and lose their properties. Cationic surfactants also has a bactericidal effect, antistatic effect and the like. Some varieties for organic pigment dispersion, emulsification, so that the surface can have a lipophilic properties, changing its easy dispersion properties.

3, zwitterionic surfactants

Broadly speaking, any molecule both positive and negative ion surfactants can be classified as amphoteric surfactants. In a narrow sense, the occurrence of the water dipole ionizable surfactant called zwitterionic surfactants, they are in different PH values are rendered anionic or cationic properties, generally have an isoelectric point. Common amphoteric SAA has four categories: amino acid type: when such compounds substantially similar basic anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant similar to when acidic, hydrophilic isoelectric point becomes small, the occurrence of precipitation. Betaine type: e.g. Nn- dodecyl -N, N- dimethyl betaine (dimethyl lauryl betaine), compared with the amino acid type, which are soluble in acid and alkaline media in water, isoelectric precipitation does not occur and the like. But foaming, suitable for detergent, not suitable for use in writing materials. In addition, there imidazole forest and phosphate type amphoteric surfactants.

4, the non-ionic surfactant

Nonionic surfactants are a class of water can not be ionized ionic surfactant, wherein the undissociated molecules containing hydroxyl group and an ether bond and other hydrophilic groups. For best hydrophilic property, a plurality of hydroxyl and ether structural requirements molecule. Depending on the nature of the hydrophilic group nonionic surfactants can be divided into polyethylene glycol type, polyhydric alcohol type. Polyethylene glycol type based on the structure of the hydrophobic group is divided into several different categories, based on hydrophilic polyol based structure based polyols are also divided into several different categories. In the following table.

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