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Service > All about Pesticides.

All about Pesticides.

First, what is the pesticide
It means for the prevention, eradication or control hazards in agriculture, forestry, disease, insects, weeds and other pests, and purposefully regulate plant, insect growth of chemical, biological or derived from a substance or other natural substances mixture of substances and preparations.

Second, the fundamental role of pesticides
1, the basic performance
Physical and chemical properties of various pesticide falls far short, the preparation of the formulation of the selected surfactants are also different, not all surfactants are used in pesticides. As a pesticide adjuvant surfactant should have the following basic properties: first for the purpose of processing and application of pesticides, helps full efficacy; secondly, under actual usage conditions for crop safety, human, animal, fish toxicity small; Third, the formulation is stable, and easy to use without deterioration in the effective storage period, security; and finally, abundant resources, and low cost. Thus, the pesticide that is born with a surfactant, and often dubbed the special trade name, such as dairy farming 700 #, agricultural aid on the 2nd and the like.
2, the pesticide synergistic
Generally, the surfactant is a non-bioactive component pesticide. However, due to the pesticide applicator is used on crops, pesticides surfactant to the target organism will have an impact. Surfactants on pesticide synergistic effect surfactant effective impact on the performance of the target organism. Surfactants improve the distribution of the pesticide and attached to the surface of the organism (plant leaves and parasite surface), agents to increase the absorption of the organism, even increased in vivo drug transporting, thereby enhancing the biological activity of pesticides. For example, tea saponin on Pyridaben significant synergies; the Zhenguo et al study shows: Surfactant Silwet.L77 and Sco-lil significantly reduce the surface tension of the liquid in the general special kill, thus significantly improving the After the spray coating weight on the blade; DucholtZ study of several surfactants on the RH0007 (Hy-brex) in winter wheat plants conduction and absorption, the results showed that in the presence of different surfactants, leaves the face of drug absorption an increase of 0.7-1.5 times. Pharmacy - - to study the interaction between the plant cuticle showed epidermal conducting EO value varies with Joel Coret and others on the C14 and C14 Chlorotoluron nonchild glyphosate surfactant through. Surfactants may change the plant cuticle hydrophilic EO different values, lipophilic, hydrophilic or lipophilic agents are easy to penetrate the plant cuticle; Liu et al reported frontline, silicone surfactants can induce rapid glyphosate absorbed by plants through the stomata.
3, on the biological role
Some surfactants such as cationic surfactants, itself has a bactericidal effect, people use this property to develop a plant growth inhibitor herbicides. Tea saponin is a good non-ionic surfactant, is a botanical insecticides. According CN1139102A, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (potassium) and so has strong lytic effect, combining it with an organic nitrogen-containing compounds with biological activity, can be obtained very broad spectrum bactericidal fungicide having the chemical lysis of.

Surfactants play a great role, but not all of the surfactants can be used in pesticides, since some pesticides surfactant effect on crops produce injury, and therefore with a surfactant in addition to the pesticide must be selected according to the original drug outside nature , but also consider their impact on crop object.

Third, how to classify the pesticide

Many varieties of pesticides, so far, have been registered in the world more than 1500 kinds, which are commonly used more than 300 species. In order to study and the ease of use, often from different angles of the pesticide classification. Its classification from a larger number, and they are the following three.
(1) The main purpose of classification according to insecticides, miticides, rodenticides, molluscicides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides, plant growth regulating agents.
(2) by source can be divided into mineral pesticides (inorganic compounds), bio-pesticides (natural organic matter, antibiotics, microorganisms) and three categories of chemical synthetic pesticides.
(3) Chemical structure type classification according to the chemical structure of organic synthetic pesticides are many dozens, mainly: organic phosphorus (phosphine), carbamates, pyrethroids, organochlorine compounds, organic sulfur compounds, amides compounds, urea compounds, ethers, phenolic compounds, phenoxy acid, triazine, nitrous benzene, benzoic acids, amidines, triazoles, heterocyclic, coumarin, organometallic compounds and the like.

What is the biological pesticide
Chemical pesticides are developed out of mankind effective drug used to eliminate pests. Ever since mankind since the use of chemical pesticides, chemical pesticides felt the benefits to humanity: crop production, and the prevention and control of infectious diseases in human ...... According to the FAO survey, the global cereal killed annually accounted pests 20% to 30% of the harvest, the resulting economic losses amounted to $ 120 billion. In order to deal with pests and diseases, the production of chemical pesticides each year more than 200 million tons, with sales of up to $ 10 billion annually.

But the destruction of chemical pesticides human race gradually emerged: due to extensive use of chemical pesticides, air, water, soil and food is contaminated, toxic poisons accumulate in animals and humans were like. Each year about 200 million people worldwide use of chemical pesticides and poisoning, of which about 40,000 people died. Moreover, long-term use of certain chemical pesticides also cause pest resistance, are resistant to pests there are 417 kinds. China has a total ban in 1983 and the use of organic chlorine pesticides, however, the accumulation of pesticides in the past still play a role in a long time.

Is there a new pesticide for pest control only, and no side effects on human beings do? In recent years, agricultural production, the application of bio-pesticides replace chemical pesticides has become a trend. World against the drawbacks of chemical pesticides, has developed a series of selectivity, high efficiency, low cost, no pollution, harmless to humans and animals biological pesticides.

Biopesticides divided into two categories: microbial pesticides and bio-engineering plants. Microbial pesticides fungal pesticides, bacterial pesticides, antibiotics, pesticides and pesticide virus, the most common fungal pesticides are entomogenous bacteria, the former controlling more than 190 kinds of insects can, which can controlling over 200 various pests. In bacterial pesticide, currently the most widely used is Bacillus thuringiensis, it controlling grain, cotton, tea, fruit and other 150 kinds of lepidopteran pests, efficacy by 55% compared to chemical pesticides. Another biological engineering plants, in plants capable of producing gene inserted toxins that plants manufacture a certain amount of toxins kill pests, and this gene in plants can be passed down from generation to generation.
Biological pesticides have chemical pesticides do not have the advantage, not only high insecticidal efficiency, no pollution to human and livestock have no side effects and is not prone to pest resistance.

Now, the international community has commercialized 30 kinds of biological pesticides, bio-pesticides worldwide sales will reach $ 8 billion, about half of the current pesticide sales. China also will gradually replace chemical pesticides with biological pesticides, particularly the use of bio-pesticides will be as early as possible in the production of vegetables.

Chemical pesticides
Chemical pesticides is co-developed by the artificial pesticides
Currently used mainly organic synthetic pesticides. The chemical structure of synthetic pesticides is very complex, varieties, production, application range of plants. Its high efficacy of the species, known as efficient and pesticides, and some even called Chain Store medicine. For example, A Huang Long, chlorsulfuron, benzene Huang Long, etc. are super-efficient herbicides amount of acres just a few grams to hundreds of grams. In addition, pesticides such as pyrethroids cheese Rong Ju fat cyanide, cyanide-Ju Lang vinegar is a replica of bionic pesticide pyrethrin synthesis "is also a very small amount of ultra-efficient pesticides, however, the methods used must pay strict attention, otherwise it will cause efficient pesticide resistant, so it can not be fully effective pesticide effectiveness and proper role in the future of chemical pesticides there is a great development in the future, will increase to more new varieties, improve quality, enable more effective eradication of diseases, pests , grass, rat types of agricultural pests.

Microbial pesticides
Microbial pesticides, microbial pesticides is a kind of rapid development of biological medicine Meng. Microbial pesticides including agricultural antibiotics and living microorganisms. Agricultural antibiotic is antibiotic produced by fermentation, pesticide metabolites functions, such as: Gang neomycin, kasugamycin, validamycin, etc., can be used to control fungal disease; neomycin, oxytetracycline can be used to control bacteria disease; measured in meters cure male moths can neomycin; newly developed can be used to kill pests avermectin, harm Po, livestock parasites in vivo, low dosage, good results. Live microbial pesticides are harmful pathogenic microorganisms living organisms that use these live microorganisms can get sick and lose their pest infestation capacity. For example, Beauveria bassiana, is a type of fungus green pesticides (ie fungus itself has insecticidal activity); Su bacilli (ie Bt) is a type of bacterial insecticides; NPV is an insecticide agent; Lu Bao One is a type of fungal herbicides.

Animal pesticides
Animal pesticides despite a period of research and development, but not as good as the number of botanical pesticides so much, some only in the research stage, Shangmo commercialization. For example, the spot generated greedy greedy prime spot, Grube generated Nereistoxin. These toxins are toxic pest activity. Another example is the insect secretion produce small quantities of chemicals, such as ecdysone and juvenile hormone, which have Kunming insect growth regulating function. Insect pheromones, among insects as a kind of song types namely information generated by pass-through trace substances, can play a certain behavior, such as stimulant, defense and other functions. Currently the most is sex attractant, it can lure insects, the purpose of forecasting and control of insect pests.

Botanical pesticides
Botanical pesticides developed rapidly. Ancient China would often use natural pest control products, for example, with tobacco juice insecticidal after flooding. Our herbal medicine has a long history, rich in variety, people used herbal treatment agricultural diseases. For example, mashed with garlic juice sterilization. Numerous species of botanical pesticides, performance is also different. For example, pyrethrum, nicotine, rotenone, etc. veratridine having pesticidal activity; Garcinia has bactericidal activity; alginate resistant to tobacco mosaic virus; TSN, bitter plants have antifeedant properties; clove have to lure flies performance; citronella mosquito repellent effect; Brassinolide regulate plant growth and development role; sesamin have a synergistic effect of insecticides. Currently, based on the direct use of natural plants, many research institutes and factories has developed and registered a lot of botanical pesticide formulations, such as rotenone EC, Toosedarin EC, saponin nicotine soluble emulsions, double prime lye and the like.

Biological pesticides
Biological pesticides is the use of natural biological resources (such as plants, animals, microorganisms) pesticide development. Because of their different sources can be divided into botanical pesticides, animal and microbial pesticides pesticides.

Mineral pesticides
Mineral pesticides refers to inorganic compounds derived from natural minerals. For example, arsenic compounds (arsenic), etc. In the past, organic synthetic pesticides undeveloped period, commonly used lead arsenate, calcium arsenate mineral raw materials such as natural pesticides. Currently, due to their toxicity, low efficacy have gradually been eliminated, only a few mineral pesticides, such as mixture of lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture, Wang copper (copper oxychloride) and the like are still using. The use of pesticides on mineral source must be noted that the injury, because of their high concentration, often make crop injury. When used, must be careful, pay attention to the quality of spraying, choose the appropriate weather spraying.

Fourth, what are the name of the pesticide
It is the title name of the pesticide that is effective bioactive ingredients. In general, the name of a pesticide chemical name, common name, trade name.
Chemical name is: active ingredients according to the chemical structure, according to the chemical nomenclature, compound names fix.
Generic name: the pesticides brief "generic", is the standardization body under the name bioactive pesticide active ingredients.
Product Name: pesticide production plant for its products used in circulation requires registration name in the relevant administrative authority
V. What is pollution-free pesticides
The so-called pollution-free pesticides means less medication, good control effect on humans, animals and a variety of useful biological toxicity or nontoxic, requiring the external environment is easy to break down, do not cause pollution to the environment and produce efficient, low toxicity and residue pesticides. Specifically: that when applied pesticides against vegetable pests, only use pollution-free pesticides per acre dosage must proceed from reality, through tests to determine the cost-effective use of concentration and dose, not too low, the general requirements Insecticidal effect more than 90%, more than 80% disease control effect called efficient pesticide; use (LD50) lethal magnitude more than 500 ml / kg body weight and low toxicity pesticides; commodity vegetable harvest to pay attention to pesticide safety interval, so which is below the permitted pesticide residues must state standards.

Pollution-free pesticides include

1, bio-pesticides: refers to the direct use of a substance having biological activity of living organisms or biological metabolic processes produced or extracted from a biological substance as pesticides to control diseases, pests, weeds and other pests. Concrete can be divided; botanical pesticides, animal and microbial pesticides pesticides. Such as: BT, pyrethrins, nicotine allicin, sex pheromones, Jinggangmeisu, agricultural antibiotic 120, within liuyangmycin, streptomycin, Polyoxins, avermectin, brassin fat, in addition to mite factors, such as alkaloids.

2, mineral pesticides (inorganic pesticides): active ingredient derived from inorganic mineral compounds in general. The main sulfur formulation, copper preparations, phosphide. Such as copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, zinc phosphide. And within the toxicity, high residual arsenic preparations, fluoride, etc. are not of the recommended range.
3, organic synthetic pesticides: limited to less toxic, low residual and safe to use as pesticide organic whole. After years of application recommended that the use of safe pyrethroids, some medium and low toxicity of organic phosphorus, sulfur and other organic insecticides, fungicides and low toxicity herbicides part diphenyl ether and the like. Such as: cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dimethoate, dichlorvos, phoxim, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, metalaxyl, triadimefon, iprodione, methylthio benomyl, pirimicarb, diclofop, dilute killing grasses grams, fruit Seoul, are Haier. High residual organochlorine pesticides, secondary poisoning fluoroacetamide, metabolites "three letter" material of various pesticide ethylene thiourea is not recommended list.

Sixth, what pesticides "three cards"
Pesticides "three cards" means pesticides production permit, pesticide standards and pesticide registration. "Three cards" product unit issuance that each pesticide product, the same pesticide products from different manufacturers, have their own "three cards".
Pesticide standard definition and division level
The pesticide standards are reasonably require pesticide product quality and technical indicators and their corresponding standardized detection methods.
The pesticide standards according to their rank and scope into international standards and national standards. International standards have FAO (FAO) and World Health Organization standards (WHO) standard two kinds. Develop national standards by the countries themselves.

Our pesticide standards are divided into three levels: corporate standards, industry standards (ministerial standard) and national standards.

Seven, pesticide storage 7:00 Notes
Application of pesticides is not much chance of winter, or basically stopped. Some farmers buy pesticides has not been used up, then how should be saved pesticides, pesticide volatilization avoid failures and human and livestock poisoning accidents happen?
1, before storing the remaining pesticide to read the instruction manual, the pesticide has failed to take deep processing, must not littered.
2. Save the pesticide label and use instructions have been broken bottles, bags and other packaging to be replaced, wettable powder pesticide to note seal, after the failure to prevent moisture absorption caking. On pesticide labels have been lost or obscured, must be re-paper clearly stating the names, usage, dosage, expiration date, use of, or the bag affixed to the bottle in order to prepare for proper use.
3, pay attention to the implementation of the seal. Some pesticide dichlorvos, dimethoate, sulfuric acid and other volatile oct failure, resulting in air pollution, must take the cap tightened custody, the implementation of the seal.
4, to keep the temperature. Most pesticide powders at high temperatures, which is easy to be affected by mass. The higher the temperature, the more likely the pesticide melt, decomposition, evaporation, combustion or explosion. Some pesticides in the face of high temperature emulsion easy to destroy its emulsifying properties, reduce the efficacy, and some bottled liquid pesticide when faced with low easy to freeze, forming lumps, or the cracking of the bottles and keep these pesticides should be kept in indoor temperature at 1 ℃ or more. In addition, Xin pesticide sulfuric afraid of light, long-term exposure to light can cause deterioration of pesticides break down and failure, in custody to avoid the heat and the sun.
5, to keep dry. Powder pesticides and plant growth regulator, it is easy to absorb moisture caking, so storage site storage of pesticides should be kept dry to prevent leaking snow. Also leaving the windows so ventilation, maintain the appropriate humidity below 75%.
6, pay attention to classified storage. Pesticides are divided into basic, acidic and neutral. Alkaline pesticides propanil, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture; acidic pesticide dichlorvos, Seoul fruit, deltamethrin; g warm neutral powder and other pesticides. These three different types of pesticides, in the storage vault to store apart from keeping in 0.5 m or more, otherwise, would lead to deterioration failure mutual effects of pesticides. In addition, two pesticides used up but can not be mixed in a bottle, to avoid failure.
7, pay attention to prevent accidents. Those who have varying degrees of toxicity of pesticides, in the custody of the best is on the counter or wooden box, and to lock out. Pesticides can not be stored and grain, beans, seeds and vegetables in the same room; EC agents and fumigants and pesticides can not match, oil, firecrackers and other flammable items together, but can not be deposited in the vicinity of people, livestock, poultry, in particular, to prevent children from touching. In order to avoid accidents.

Eight, pesticide packaging symbols and their meanings
Instructions:
1. TM- registered trademark.
2. kg / ha (or hectare) kg / ha.
3. LC- lethal concentration, LC50 for the lethal concentration.
4. LD50- lethal dose, also known as the median lethal dose.
5. LDK- lethal dose.
6. TL50- drug concentration.
7. MAC- maximum allowable effective dose.
8. MED- minimum effective concentration.
9. EW- oil emulsion in water.
10. EO- water in oil emulsion.
11. SV- ultra low volume suspension agent solution.
12. VL- ultra low volume liquid solution.
13. TM- total weight.
14. PPT- precipitate.
15. PPM- parts per million concentration, has been abolished in favor mg / kg (mg / kg), respectively.
16. B- Baume.

Nine, how to identify the quality of pesticides
First, powder
1. Exterior
Powder should look for the loose powder, without clumps.

2. Hygroscopic
Before taking measurements hygroscopic powder, first look at the outside of powder wet paper bag there, if there is, of course, is hygroscopic big performance. Then remove it from the bag down a little powder on a piece of paper, pick up the paper, with the thumb and index finger pinch out the paper, if you stick to show that the powder has a moisture absorption, and if this is dusting powder used to show that poor quality; if still loose powder, indicating good dusting agents. For WP hygroscopic powder larger than the average, but this drug because it is watered with, small hygroscopic powder dusting impact than it used. However, moisture absorption is not always a good thing, because after the pesticide by wet perishable.

Second, WP
1. Exterior
It should be very fine loose powder without clumps.

2. Wettability
With a big mouth bottles, which installed the Sheung Shui, then gently put a spoonful of WP from above pour on the water with a teaspoon, two minutes later, if all wet and gradually sink, is the Run WP wettable good; if the powder is still floating in the water, that is, poor wetting agent. This way you can also distinguish which one is a wettable powder, which is used in dusting powders, wettable powders easily moist. Generally powders are not wetted.

3. Suspension
The above measure through the wettability of glass bottle mouth blocking well, shaking back and forth 30 times, then left for 10 minutes, and take a look. If the liquid is still cloudy, the bottom a little while to sink in the powder, is suspended WP good; if there is a sink or most of the liquid has nearly been clarified, suspension performance is not good; if all the powder sink to the bottom when you are, that is, the WP suspension poor; if the agent is not a good pour into a ball also shows a wettable powder.

Third, EC
1. Exterior
Take a look at the bottle in the EC is not already layered, another look is not already muddy, there is no crystallization crystallize out and those who do not hierarchical, not muddy and no crystallization of cream are good EC. And there is stratification, turbidity or crystallization analysis is out of the EC has changed, the use efficacy is poor. Of course, if the EC is on the very cold temperatures and found that crystals at room temperature and can be placed in dissolution, it can not be considered bad.

2. Emulsification
The cream was poured into a volume of 19 parts by volume of water, shake under 30 after mixing, and then allowed to stand for half an hour, take a look there is no oil or cream floating on the water, and then look at the bottom no precipitate, if not, it shows good emulsifying power of the agent. When the measured emulsification time, if the EC can themselves into the water quickly spread into white is the best cream that can spread yourself without agitation of the EC, also known as the diffusion of strong emulsions ; if there is significant sediment, or surface has oil slick, cream is poor emulsifying properties of EC.

Fourth, SC
Suspending agents should be slightly viscous, flowable suspension, its viscosity is very small, uniform. Ruoyin delamination prolonged storage, handling even shake recoverable state, it could be considered as qualified products. If you can not back into a uniform suspension, sediment at the bottom of shake it up, bad suspension performance.

Ten, nine identification pesticide label attention
First, the product name. Whether domestic or imported pesticides pesticides, in addition to the approval of the product name in Chinese commodity name, it must also have an active ingredient content and Chinese generic names and dosage forms.

Two, three full card number. Domestic agricultural -pii 农药检定所 pesticides must have issued a pesticide registration number, quasi production permit number issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry, Certificate of Conformity issued by the quality inspection departments of enterprises. Only imports of pesticide pesticide registration number.

Third, the pesticide category. Below the various types of pesticide labels are to have a parallel with the bottom edge, do not fade flag represent different pesticides. Such as fungicides - Black, insecticide - red, herbicides - green, rodenticides - blue, plant growth regulators - yellow.

Fourth, the net weight expressed. Usually kg (kilograms), l (liter), g (grams), ml (mL) Fig.

Fifth, toxicity and flammability. On pesticide labels in red clearly indicate that the product is toxic and flammable sign.

Sixth, instructions for use. Such as the scope and control targets for the period, as well as the dosage and method of use restrictions and so on.

Seven expiration date. Usually two years, counting from the date of manufacture, so it must be annotated with the date of manufacture and lot number.

Eight considerations. Stating the product poisoning symptoms and first aid measures and the special requirements of safety interval storage and transportation.

Nine production units. Have a production company name, address, telephone, fax, PC. When you identify pesticide labels, such as the above items are missing two, or even one, you should contact your dealer, or seriously considered. Such as the three card number was incomplete, did not indicate the date of manufacture or expired pesticides you can not buy. EC on the quality of pesticide formulations already turbidity, precipitation, moisture caking agents play, etc., can not buy.

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