Air compressor lubricants qualitative issues-Iota

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News > Dynamic industry > Air compressor lubricants qualitative issues

Air compressor lubricants qualitative issues

Life and oxidation compressor oils
Life of the compressor oil is mainly determined by the degree of oxidation degree of consumption and additives, and the degree of oxidation is the most important factor.
Oxidation of lubricants, is a complex process of hydrocarbons with oxygen effect. Through active radical (free radical) and the role of oxygen generated first alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids intermediate, after which further hydroxy acids and esters oxidation. Results peroxide is increasing the molecular weight, structure become more complex, and ultimately the formation of gum and precipitation.
The use of lubricants oxidation in two directions: one is to produce acidic substances (such as carboxylic acids, hydroxy acids, asphalt acid, etc.) and the intermediate ester, the final product is carbon green substance. Another direction is generated resin and asphaltene, the final product is a semi-oil gum. Hydroxy acid, half resin and asphaltene acid, these ingredients sparingly soluble lubricant, part of a viscous substance precipitation. Easily attached to the metal surface, the film is converted to a high temperature. Asphaltenes, half oil resin and carbon green nature, places tiny particles of dark brown or black powdery solid suspended in oil, it can be precipitated from the oil when gathered into large particles.
Thus, after the lubricating oil deep oxidation of oxygen inside the chemical composition of the increase in molecular weight increases, the hydrocarbons into non-hydrocarbon compounds; the appearance of darkening, increased precipitation, increased corrosion, lubricating using the properties of the oil decline.
In addition to the oxidation of lubricants and chemical composition of the self, but also with the conditions of use are closely related, such as high and low temperature, air pressure, the size and the size of the oxygen partial pressure, the strength of the catalytic metal contacts and the like. Among them, a very important factor is the catalytic metal. Practice has proved that many metal oxides have a catalytic effect on the lubricant, common metals, copper for catalytic biggest lubricants, especially when there is the presence of water more visible. The main reason is to promote metal catalytic peroxide decomposition, formation of free radicals, thereby accelerating the oxidation reaction.
Different base oil oxidation big difference
1) hydrogenation of lubricating oil
Mainly due to the oxidation of hydrocarbons in the oil, lubricating community first consider ways to retard oxidation, hydrogenation is one means for delaying the lubricating oil oxidation trends. The late 1960s, the rapid development of the early 1970s, the production of lubricating oil hydrogenation, and the formation of a new technology.
In addition to free radicals, the peroxide is another active ingredient oxidation chain reaction. Peroxide molecular structure OO bond energy is very low, only 100 ~ 200kj / mol, it is prone to fracture, the formation of two free radicals, accelerate the oxidation reaction. Key CH bond energy can be twice as high than the OO bond bond, thereby delaying the oxidation reaction. Hydrogenation of the crude oil and may also have been oxidized material to reduce the acid value, and to lighten the color of the oil, the viscosity reduction. Ⅱ class and two hydrogenated oil is hydrogenated base oil, class Ⅰ oil turned out to be the traditional production base oil (not hydrogenated), has basically been eliminated.
2) Ⅲ oils
Previous Ⅲ base oils are petroleum products as raw materials by hydroisomerisation process to produce class Ⅲ base oils, also known as XHVI, which means high viscosity index base oils. SHOWA SHELL like Oil Corporation, SK, Chevrolet, Exxon Mobil and so produce such Ⅲ oils.
2003 Qatar Petroleum and SHELL Petroleum announced, Pearl GTL project in Qatar to build, will be working in northern Qatar oil field offshore oil production based on oil and natural gas into fuel oil products. Was finally completed in 2011 in Qatar, in 2012 reached 1.4 million tons / year, as the first large-scale GTL plant, because of its price advantage and performance characteristics of its establishment marked the beginning of the era of GTL base oil, GTL base oil era in changing the pattern of world lubricating oil, produce a series of new lubricant technology and products. Visible, SHELL has been at the forefront of Ⅲ base oils.
3) PAO
1970s, MOBIL and BP each introduced PAO oil, Exxon Mobil PAO for the engine oil (mobil 1) is known, API in the mid-1990s, the provisions of the genus Ⅳ PAO base oils (the original method of production Oil class Ⅰ oil; hydrogenated oils Ⅱ base oil; base oil hydroisomerization class Ⅲ oil; the rest do not belong to the above four categories of synthetic oil and base oil is Ⅴ oils). American National Advertising Division (NAD) PAO final decision can be labeled in the name of "synthetic" but may not advertise its optimal performance. BP and SHELL took the lead produced by PAO compressor oil. Since 2005 PAO oil market is not very smooth, Europe's only four production plants closed one, with only three production plants. Because of China's auto sales soared, mostly imported cars require synthetic oil, China's oil market PAO excellent, Americans by opening four PAO production plant, particularly in response to the needs of the Chinese market.
4) ester oil
API classification is classified in class Ⅴ oil, in fact, the Germans in World War II, put ester oils do well. Now advanced racing oil basically ester oil. Here it is not difficult to understand "NAD final decision PAO ...... but not advertising its performance is optimal" original intention.
5) Silicone-based lubricants and perfluorinated lubricants
Silicon-based oils and lubricants not perfluorinated hydrocarbons, not oxidized, while maintaining cleanliness, you can use indefinitely. Although silicon-based lubricants and perfluorinated lubricant additive compatibility of poor, but its phenyl silicone oils and perfluorinated lubricants abrasion resistance is excellent, especially perfluorinated lubricant density close to 2, the film strength also unparalleled. With perfluorinated lubricants not only non-corrosive, and gas will increase by about 5%.
Silicon-based lubricants and perfluorinated lubricants available on a single-screw compressor for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and even with the production of human blood plasma substitute, also used in the nuclear industry.
Now online, the video aired "CFC-free" refrigerators, air conditioners, the real meaning is perfluorinated instead of "CFC-free" is used to replace the original fluorine chlorine in CFCs solve the Freon destruction of the ozone layer, the so-called " F "is no chlorofluorocarbons Leone, for example, is one of 134A instead of fluorine or fluorine element particles. This one concept is "big play" to deceive the world, at least in China.
The following part of the text on the air compressor oil reference very interesting, we may look at a world-renowned chemical companies on high-performance ashless air compressor oil additive package 2030A referral words:
Recommended dosage
l 97% II oil + 2% unsaturated polyol esters + 1% 2030A + 20ppm defoamers = 4000 operating hours air compressor oil (with pour requirements of the product need to increase 0.25% PPD)
l 95.5% three oil + 3% unsaturated polyol ester + 1.5% 2030A + 20ppm defoamers = 6000 operating hours air compressor oil (with pour requirements of the product need to increase 0.25% PPD)
l 85% PAO + 13.5% unsaturated polyol ester + 1.5% 2030A + 20ppm defoamers = 8,000 to 12,000 operating hours air compressor oil
This is enough to explain a problem: the life of compressor oil is mainly determined by the base oil.
"L 97% II oil + 2% unsaturated polyol esters + 1% 2030A + 20ppm defoamers = 4000 operating hours air compressor oil" is often said that a good common screw air compressor oil; "195.5% three oil + 3% unsaturated polyol ester + 1.5% 2030A + 20ppm defoamers = 6000 operating hours air compressor oil "is commonly known as semi-synthetic compressor oil; and" 185% PAO + 13.5% saturated polyol ester + 1.5% 2030A + 20ppm defoamers = 8000 to 12000 operating hours air compressor oil, "which is commonly known fully synthetic compressor oil.
It is easy to see the wonders of three different types of compressor oil and the cost difference through this example. Price PAO base oil is about 3 times Ⅲ base oils. Of course, the price difference is also large compressor oil refined, the same company PAO compressor oil is about 4 times Ⅲ class compressor oil prices.
PAO (poly-α- olefin synthetic base oils) features
PAO has a high thermal oxidative stability (thermal stability means that over a wide temperature range to maintain good viscosity index, so that the engine can easily secure start in cold weather, but to maximize the speed and large weight-bearing protect the engine), because of the special nature of synthetic molecular structure makes it possible to have higher liquidity and penetration (and mineral oil comparison). It refers to a synthetic chemical stability without any damage to its performance chemical changes (oxidation, leaching wax, etc.) during the engine working, that is to say the formation of fouling and varnish (refers to the temperature the possibility of very high surface line into transparent, rigid, formed of an oxide film does not melt) is very small.
Its advantages are:
1, PAO high viscosity index mineral, usually 135 or more, and mineral oil base oil is generally 85-90, refined base oil viscosity index is generally around 95. A viscosity index greater degree of purification such as Group III base oil is higher than 120.
2, low pour point, low temperature fluidity, low PAO pour point than mineral oil has more excellent low temperature fluidity. Many can be modulated low temperature requirements of high oil, made of all-weather oil.
3, good oxidation stability. In RBOT test, high-quality PAO (poly-α- olefin synthetic base oils) reaches the pressure drop time is 3 to 4 times Ⅱ class base oil hydrogenation, and is 1.5 to 2 times Ⅲ class.
4, low volatility. Oil and high evaporation will increase the consumption of lubricating oil. Base oil has low volatility is an important factor in the formation of high-quality lubricating oil.
5, excellent thermal stability. PAO high temperature, decomposition less, the thermal stability and di-esters rather better than mineral oil and alkyl aromatics, mixed oil PAO and polyol esters have good thermal stability.
6, excellent shear stability.
7, good hydrolytic stability.
8, good compatibility with mineral oil.
9, general and seal compatibility.
Disadvantages are:
1, the cost is higher than the mineral base oil.
2, poor solubility of additives. Because the additive can be dissolved in an ester, the ester can be dissolved in PAO, esters and therefore often (usually diesters and polyol esters) formulation.
Features ester oil
Ester oil is produced by acid and alcohol with different structures, common ester oil has monoesters, diesters, polyol esters and complex esters. Synthetic ester oils can be used screw compressor oil mainly diester and a saturated polyhydric alcohol esters (trimethylolpropane acrylate / trimellitic acid ester / pentaerythritol ester and the like).
By refining animals and plants (biological) fatty acids and alcohols, esters made from oil, and has good natural degradation.
Chemically synthesized esters could have been oily, other base oils (including PAO) to achieve this nature by additives. And esters have been very directional adhesion molecules can make the film on the metal surface, so a single on the lubricating properties of words, esters is the best.
It refers diester two yuan a monohydric alcohol fatty acid esters. Usually adipic acid or sebacic acid and c ~ c, of branched primary alcohol esters. This and branched chain aliphatic alcohols obtained di-esters have a low viscosity, high viscosity index (VI130 ~ 150), and low price. General 100 ℃ kinematic viscosity of 2.3 ~ 5.4mm2 / s, pour point are in the following 60 ℃. Thermal oxidation stability and poly α-olefins (PAO) the same.
Polyol ester is referred to as the neopentyl polyol ester is a polyol having a neopentyl group, such as trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and monobasic fatty acids esterified. Neopentyl polyol B position carbon absence of hydrogen, so good thermal oxidation stability esters. Polyol ester due ester Quito, so polar, low evaporation loss, good lubrication. Polyol esters have excellent thermal oxidation stability and low volatility, comparable Diester used under high 50 ~ 100 ℃ operating temperature.
Ester oil is mainly used in World War II as a tank, cars, machine guns, aircraft and rolling stock oil. Abroad in the 1970s and 1980s, ester oil began to be used compressors.
Around 1985, Chongqing, a Ping announced the first in the country diester synthesized and used refrigeration oil.
In 1999, Ingersoll-Rand screw air compressor lubricants rationing polyether compressor oil, and later the company launched a PAO and polyol ester base oil super-cooled liquid.
Features ester oils are:
1, high flash point, high flash point, the highest temperature up to 200 ℃;
2, good thermal oxidation stability, low volatility;
3, excellent low temperature properties, pour point may be lower than -60 ℃;
4, good anti-wear, anti-scratch and anti-friction energy-saving features;
5, good lubricating properties;
6, good additive solubility;
7, and mineral oil, poly-α-olefins, polyethers, methylphenyl silicone oil miscible;
8, non-toxic, biodegradable excellent functions;
9, hydrolytic stability is poor, likely to cause the hydrolysis of ester oil and additives, failure;
10, poor compatibility with rubber, rubber expansion tends to shorten the life of the seal;
11, there is a tendency to dissolve the paint coating layer.
Seen in this light, used in conjunction PAO and ester oils has become a trend in today's synthetic lubricants.
Wonderful oil detection technique
Antioxidants for lubricants in complete flow of oil is very important, especially for those lubricants exposed to heat, air and water. Under normal operating conditions, no protective additives, oxidation significantly affect the lubricating properties of the lubricant, resulting in the formation of sludge and sediment, filter clogging, oil thickening, and increased acidity of the oil and the like. Lubricant Additives antioxidants can significantly limit oil oxidation, antioxidants may in the course of being gradually consumed. Therefore, we must understand the lubricating oil in the anti-oxidant status.
A portable lubricating oil remaining useful life of the measuring instrument for measuring mineral oils synthetic hydrocarbon oil ester oil and biodegradable oil antioxidant capacity .. Use V - An Act to detect oil antioxidant loss rate, RULER @ quantitative analysis of new oil or an antioxidant concentration in the oil and replenish antioxidants through extended oil life. The instrument can also be quantitatively introduced and storage of lubricating oil antioxidant levels, so that when the dramatically altered the antioxidant abnormal situation, acknowledge faults hidden devices.
Screw air compressor synthetic oil to reduce the oil content of 2ppm
A world famous company to sell its own compressor screw compressor in 2000, said: "When you use mineral oil compressed air oil content will reach 3ppm, after the use of synthetic oil, the oil content of compressed air will be reduced to 1ppm". On 2002, with the same screw air compressor to do the test, the test: With Ⅲ class oil RS32 oil content of compressed air can reach 3ppm, after using synthetic AS46, the oil content of compressed air will be reduced to 1ppm. The reason for this has been analyzed in the author's previous article. Thus, a good synthetic compressor oil is not only long life, and low consumption of oil, compressed air oil content is low.
In conclusion
Compressor oil technology is constantly changing, becoming more aware of these changes will be using a compressor oil, safe, reliable, energy and relatively low consumption, low cost results.
Along with the development of new technologies in the world lubricants, compressor oil is bound to greater change, a higher level of environment-friendly lubrication services industry will rise, I will in future articles will explore this trend.

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