How do irritant gas poisoning?-Iota

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News > Dynamic industry > How do irritant gas poisoning?

How do irritant gas poisoning?

Irritant gas mainly have a direct stimulating effect on the respiratory mucosa, eye and skin. After inhalation, who showed mild upper respiratory tract irritation orbronchitis symptoms, cause poisoning pneumonia or toxic pulmonary edema,and for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome(acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS). The severity of the damage depend son the physicochemical properties, the suction gas concentration and duration of exposure.

Irritant gases are: acids: inorganic acid, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid,hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid; organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, acrylic acid, etc.; the acid oxide of sulfur dioxide,sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide: three, dinitrogen tetroxide; the ammonia and amine: ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, propylene the amine; phosgene; thehalogenated hydrocarbons: eight fluorine, fluorine isobutene phosgene, poly fourvinyl chloride cracking gas, methyl bromide chloropicrin, etc.; the vinegar: sulfuric acid methyl ester, methyl acetate is two; the aldehyde: formaldehyde,acetaldehyde, acrolein; the ether: chloromethyl methyl ether; metal to compoundmetal and type of soot: such as carbonyl nickel, cadmium oxide etc..

According to the chemical characteristics of irritant gas can be divided into: 1highly soluble irritant gas, chlorine, ammonia, sulfur dioxide etc.. This kind ofpoison large solubility in water, in the wet tissue surface of the eye and upper respiratory tract quickly dissolved, the formation of acid or alkali substances. The main clinical manifestations were irritative symptoms, pulmonary edema often nolatency. 2 low water soluble irritant gas, such as nitrogen oxides, phosgene,methyl sulfate two, carbonyl nickel. Because the solubility of small, stimulating effect on the upper respiratory tract of the weak, the inhaled gas quantity isrelatively increased, and easily into the respiratory tract caused by deep, the possibility of poisoning pneumonia, pulmonary edema, the incidence of certain latency. Incubation with suction poison, amount of poison concentration andincreased contact time shortened, but inversely proportional to the solubility.

The clinical manifestations of []

(a) poisoning with respiratory tract inflammation mostly by high water solubilityirritation caused by gas. Inhalation occurs immediately after mucosal irritation symptoms. Clinical manifestations of rhinitis, pharyngitis, glottic edema and trachea, bronchitis and other respiratory symptoms. The long-term repeatedinhalation of low concentrations of irritant gases can cause chronic rhinitis,bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),expressed as dry nose, nasal itching, hyposmia, dry throat, sore throat, chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough, expectoration, occasionally bloody sputum. The recovery of chronic asthmatic bronchitis is difficult.

(two) poisoning pneumonia respiratory irritant gas into the deep, to reach the alveoli, easy to cause inflammation of the lung parenchyma. Manganese,cadmium and other smoke inhalation and gasoline choke into the lungs to cause pneumonia. Mainly for the upper respiratory tract irritation symptoms ofpneumonia poisoning, chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath, cough,expectoration, drama, sometimes with a blood streaked sputum. Inhalation of petrol inhalation pneumonia caused by, chest pain is particularly prominent,manifested by ipsilateral tingling or knife like pain, general 4-5 will relieve the symptom. The total white blood cell count and neutrophil percentage wereincreased from 2-3 days, can return to normal, such as the continuous increase of white blood cells, is a secondary bacterial infection may. The X-ray signs can be localized patchy shadows and is not high density punctate shadows, lungmarkings thickening, irregular margin, upper lung field clear.

(three) toxic pulmonary edema and ARDS

Inhalation of water soluble irritant gas of small, mucous membrane irritationsymptoms are relatively light, only cough, dizziness and nausea, positive signsrarely, and only the conjunctival congestion of throat, I heard the sound ofGanluo. The symptoms can be significantly reduced or disappeared from contact(latent phase), but after a few hours to tens of hours, the condition suddenly worsened, appear bosom frowsty, cough, and have difficulty breathing, cyanosis,irritability, cough sputum pink foam, two lungs can smell and diffuse rales. Part of the patients with dyspnea were intensified, and then evolved into ARDS, if not treated in time, may be due to respiratory and circulatory failure and endanger life.

Inhalation of water soluble irritant gas greatly, it is immediately obvious eye and upper respiratory tract mucous membrane irritation appears pulmonary edemasymptoms and signs, for the development of ARDS. Critically ill patients can be complicated by laryngeal edema, mediastinal emphysema, pneumothorax,pulmonary atelectasis. Chest X-ray examination of early lung markings visibletwo fuzzy, widely scattered in the reticular shadows or fine grained shadow, lungtouliangdu wild reduced, develop as the illness, appear large uniform density increased patchy shadows shadows or size and density is not a, edge blur,widely distributed in two lung field, a few a butterfly wing.

[treatment]

Immediately from the irritant gas environment.

The acidic gas available 5% sodium bicarbonate solution atomization inhalation;alkaline gas inhalation with 3% boric acid solution atomization, counteract that, to alleviate the symptoms of respiratory tract irritation.

Such as frequent cough, and shortness of breath, chest distress and other symptoms, can be 0.5% to isoprenaline 1ml and dexamethasone 2mg, add water to the 3ml inhalation solution disease, expectorant and anti infection medicine application needs.

Inhalation of water soluble irritant gas of small, even when the clinical manifestations are mild, also should rest in bed and keep quiet, close observation of 72 hours. Have shortness of breath, chest distress and other symptoms, should give the oxygen therapy, the general use of nasal catheteroxygen inhalation, 5-6L/min flow.